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ብወርሒ 3/2005፡ 16 ውድባት ተቓውሞ ኤርትራ ኣብ ኸርጡም፡ ሱዳን ታኣኪቦም ሓደ ሓቛፊ ውድብ ከቚሙ ተሰማሚዖም። እዚ ብሓደ ቻርተር ዝምእዘዝ፡ ኤርትራዊ ደሞከራስያዊ ኪዳን ትባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ውድብ፡ ብ27 ወከልቲ ውድባት ዝቖመ ሓጋጊ አካል ሃልይዎ፡ እዚ አካልዚ ድማ ማእከላይ መሪሕነቱ እዩ። ማእከላይ መሪሕነት፡ ብአቦ ወንበርነት ኣቶ ብርሃነ ሃንጀማ (ብዓዋተ ቃለ-መሕትት አቐድም አቢሉ ዘተገብረሉ) ዝምራሕ ሰክረታርያ ኣለዎ። ማእከላይ መሪሕነት፡ 9 ዝኣባላቱ፡ ብኣቶ ሑሰን ኸሊፋ ዝምራሕ ዝተመርጸት ፈጻሚት ቤት ጽሕፈት ኣላቶ። ንኣንበብትና፡ ምስ ኪዳንን ታሪኽ መራሕቱን ንምልላይ፡ ከምኡውን፡ ምዕባለታት ኪዳን ንምክትታልን፡ ዘለኩም ሕቶታትን ስክፍታትን ርእይቶታትን ንምትሕልላፍ፡ ምስ ኩሎም መራሕቲ ኪዳን ቃለ-መሕትት ክንገብር ምዃንና ንሕብር። እዚ ዝስዕብ እምባኣር ምስ ናይ ኪዳን ናይ ዜና ቤት ጽሕፈት ሓላፊ ኣቶ መንግስተአብ ኣስመሮም፡ ብሳልሕ ዩንስ ዝተገብረ ቃለ-መሕትት እዩ።
1-] mkpU Aq }MX" HX KD: mkpU qMBXq LX DF|;
mk 1-8 D mk }Egq ko-X]q} mk ]KV&
mk 9-12 D mk kq qMBXo FF K}} mk ]KV&
mk 1-4 Kq mk cLg AD]E[ }kzX]o mk ] kl oLAS;
2- mkl qMBXq D Mpq ] kF M{X|? mksHq }kmko 'Ks|prM} FM [lq }oc] mkchDF {o pU mkchDF X ]DD; mkrM qFM [lq mk kq qMBXo FF K{} M\ oLBT (GYM mk D o\o) D mk ]LqM Mc]?
mk cL \ `K| D:- 1957-1965& F S qMBXo:- 1965-1969& cLg AD]E[ {kzX[o:- 1969-1974
mk FF K}} kq qMBXo |mk [V o}kT M\ mk H D {kT oKAY YM ] mkXAM oD: M } o]ͧ lS} [KS o]ͧ} L{ { (L) olBD M; mkHa: M\ mk H S qMBXo {kT K\r } mk FF K}} s{ }o~M }: mk mk]Vq: Y] [DK}: sX o]}: AD ]M: ]M Ml: X] (MH): MISo mkSq}\: XL lBS: ...so
| {kzX[o | 4 Kq qMBXo : ]Xq AD]E[ ch mkX oo; { mk27.11.1974 |mk oH o[D; oAVg pDM mk Tmk olBD np IU M\ |mk HFpq oV oE { oKk;
3-mk AD ]E[ {kzX]o oLAX omke |mk oH o[Dϊ; mk D lkpq: oH }c k\ X]q}} }oLAY {kzX]q} oe olAE }o[[q: mk q]D ]p {kS}? s sIqo{ sD M}q: \] }I|} EL|} mkF L{]r D: oH mk FD X]q}} c k\} F 'Dg mkF ]D{kS ;
F mko so ]Tq Blg HFpq mkA }X]q} qchqF E mkF Yӳ} mkėch }c\i]D {YM M; o kABEpo: D Irpq mk KY ʹX} {T }MlF sF ; }o{ }: mkA }X]q} mkAL~pg M{rM VI }o EL qmkYM {V: ]DM}p }IT oE lT: ]DM}p }KF oD ...so sqchqDM mkF Ir }: mk KY KÊ N& o He{q MsmkD kXAF; mkss: mksHq To Slmko L } mk mkA o[D ]D{kT: mkM mkmkA ochqD gE H } ]Ds{kS: K|I | Blg HFpq mk MX { } Fg {kY};
mk XG 09.19975 mk HD o\Gk: Dog X] }M\ mk kq qMBXo Vq q; | aao gXI X] IU M\: mkKkq 1976 | HD X { |mk D- (MMIX cU 10) oKk; mk XG HMD 1977 mk D- |mk \IF (MMIX 5) ochX mkF KFo K{ |mk lX KMXG }M\ U; mk lX M] kI: mk | DF M}e]dh] oKF[} ooHs} M] D Vq | mk Dq olBD np | [D]o XG X] qMBXo Amk|M;
4-mk 1977: mk]{-Mq }qX|: }M}e]d] DF XM oLo EL {X LDq ; [Xꊍ o~M? I: }IUq Lq {o s'o qMFr D: {o M}e]d] 'o mkK qK~?
| DF M}e]dh]: } }M\mk kX { Y o{ {kS}; {: mko g}o mk D {S; mk L: mk {kX| Vq L: [F | DEg M}e]dh] mksI {kS}; H]o | }]D D|: o mk F AVg l GT oV FFq FF| q{ Vq {YM; LDq ]M | s}F KVIo |FD D ][ : D HXHU mkD| {YM;
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mkIXs: mk klg UmkD K} | ]EX_ F }oH ]DogBk: oE oDAL~q chl} DM mkSLXM} {} |mk } o|; mk | H Kq (mk 10.77 \ 10.78 mkMq) X] [|;
mk 10.78 \ Blg }lX mk FD oH {r Kdo M KMBX { mk kq qMBXo X FD; mkK]XM 1980 L X | HD { mk mkU 72 pD;
[Vgq oH ō mk [} IU Mp M]o <oX F M> olAD D {kS _{ | oH [Vg lr D; mk 1983 \ 1984 mk sD s: mk [} }qao gXI } s o[S; M\ o[YM {kT mkq: mkVAM KHK D: L{F Amko (K}]o): YK} \FI: mkXA{ mkSKB}: oD KD}: mkE |]X: KHK {X mk I\ mk oH [Vg lr {YM; M }: mkXAD D} IYM oF} mk \M } M\| o[YM {YM; eM mkF } F[] LX} XL mkS]E[ (c_) o[YM {YM: }: mksI }G ooJM;
mk L[Xo IU MĆ|: K}]o {KU: mk [} q DM ]DkD|: mk11.1984 | chl ochlF{q Sk mk a} ochL; mk a} chK lF D \E: GS L n K}kX }X a} { oD;
5-mk1981 oH mk o|DqD s: M mkHa mk cV| K kI- D {o mkmkE U] MVI oH KUM: D \M: D \M cF: ]D\g H{q: LEg aLD}: so}; ] |: ''oX FM'' KU; {s \{ q] k {T] cDF? }p YdhGpq ' {s \{ s[?
<oX F M> oH [Vg lr }MMV sLq{ { } M}q {kS}; o M}p: mkchM{q oX F M KchFp |o mk F AVg l éch YVM {T; Mo ]K ImkY L: mk mkA {kS Dog }lDpq } LIkVg }{q F mk ]D{kS ; M }: }I{q Gs dD] mk {T; mk l oKX lEq KUI{q mkl X DM mkF KX {X; mks MXs Ą: X}| F F MXpq {kS};
6-MK]D{ K}]qmk: mk N} 1981-1985 {kS g|q }XqV} k NVF si g} {T; [}l oNYpq oH mko g} 'o: LDq mk]Xq }KU [T: smkTB cpqE D mkrM M Dq {kT KVIo" M L IU { M] oH mko }HX{o kX L s[[qD KWq XqV: M } mk a XqV mk{kS oSnpq- | K}]o | cI mk VX" | lS}o} o[{} HV MĆ} K} L mkE MqHs}; mko g|q rX" M ]S} M [mk} mk [} M {kX mk qmkq mkl'o g} MDF|?;
mk 1981-85 .M {kS g} dF[ KUX {T; [Vgq oH |mk [} q: a {kS K}]o [} mkSq | oFo X }D {kS ILi ]Mpq} cq | NVF} KD {kY}; M]s D }: o oE: }L }MD] | mkmkF o] }Fo Kq mk Y}} pB} omk ; | Kkq 25 | Fg oSn IU MK: o eFE |Nch ; | Fo _{q [Vgq } mk L MX oLT; s |mk II MqBXVLq kG; ]k mko mk pB} X}} {kS HD } | \M M}F K; IXs: NVF |o oE q}: o |mk L }MD] | mkF ]Mpq L M LT; M o L: mksHq oFo |mk M |mk [} AK X {YM; mks g}s: [Vgq | mkA }L MD] oI[ BVg q {T; AVq MVmk: { D} L} }]q XI} ]D{kV mksHq oFo |mk XK} KU ...so }Mp F SmkD g} {T; mko\: K}]o {KU: ]opq }M mk KkVq ]opq qfk: |mk AXM qMD[: L |mko mk] ]L} \FI \k MVI {kS Blg HFpq q}kT mkF [D]o MXpq Ak|; }I|: {s D MXpqs ochkF|}; mk FD lEq KUI{q} Vq} mk mk]Xq {KU o] | L[Xo ]Mo F |s q s {T;
Blg }lX L: {o mk K} lq {kS FFq} MXIHi}& M }: {o }oH }MM\] {kS BVg pq KL: mk FD Dq KVIq} Vq} | oH: M kF ] ] \FI: ] Fgq oK]}: ] U] H}E | e}E ]Mo [q; s olXs: IU 1985 } cD ; ] LIK H[mk M mk{q c] F;
mkF _{ L: ]Xq X: {s mk K} lq {kS Xpq oFD: }| Bmk| | dF[ }q H}\mk} }HgT} }MM: | cI mk U D Kdo KSD}: HV } {kV oLpq| L HsD}& [Vgq Blg }lX L: |mk \IF sDchD} g} {T; X: {s MLqs KLs: IU 1986 | fE V] M}e]dh] mkF H\mk mk mkU }MF Mp{ } X ;
oH [Vg lr: mk{kS ipq o M] Blg HFpq }HX s o}kT M}lT } X ; mkIXs }: [Vgq HX{q mk[ ok^ K[Sq mk Blg HFpq oF | BEg S D; mk1985 .M mk o lg }X}] L: }mk mk{q KXI F chK; M }: }lq XqV X} M | F]M K]F | HlX D M]Sq D mkF KX mkMH đo }lq XqV }lX iUk;
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7- mk 1987 ''| K]KU l'' olAD mkBH o l...?
oH [Vg lr ]DM}p mko mk1987 .M omkS K]KU l | Blg }lX o\o }mkF Ir mkMFq K}cD s ]mk ;
@. {pq [V| mk τ |mk k[ S }fFcF ]D{kS: H{q | HFpq [V mk { } s }ED mko g} o E mkF M{q | mk| ]D{kS&
D. ko oH [Vg lr mk 1985 .M kY | MchM [I }lX đq K[Sq mk K} oH [Vg lr} Blg }lX} | so K]XI} H} { Xlq LT ]D{kS ;
mk Kp Blg }lX: [VgqM |mk [Vgq Blg }lX: KUI{qM L |mk KUI{q Blg }lX }kX mkF {o siSmk| đq SX }I| s}ikD H\mk ]DsM: o oLT {kS Xmk chX o;
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mk1989 mk o 3 iEF AVg l lF KUI{q ([Vg lr) { oKU; mk 1990-1995 L: F mk mk XK} {S; mk {H[ 1995 mk ]F: XK} mk o 5 ]T l [Vg lr: lF L aLD: | ]XX HE { oKU; \ XG 10.1997 }: mkF XG Y} mk kq Iq XK} {G; IU |mk XoM ochS; mks ss \o mk[{ 2002 mk ] kl o \F\ ]T l [Vg lr | ]XX HE { FD; mks ls L: HE kq Iq s|} lBF} { oKU;
8- mk KXi 90pq: F Skq AX: q: [V }D mkq Vq U; ]DM}p M {o ]Mo 'o [ DM ?
mk ] kl {kT Vq| mk1994 mk q oD M}q: BE| mk q }]Xq \] ]Ds] ; mko g}o mk q {kT Vq| i M}e]dh] {YM; KGpq} }a XqV o {T; mk spq} oDkz}} q } HHDM KDpq Bk {YM; ]XX| }: mk s |mk s |[G {T; mk Ms K[D {pq: ]Xq \]: {o M] K}]o q {kY oAV} ùp} F ]MMq KLs: K}]o q }Vq| ]FN mksI ipq mkX LT; s }osoT: { } }odhMqM mkF MXVHq mkX {T; mk Ms K[D {pq M Vq| mk q ] omkS;
mk Kkq 1999 .M }oH [Vg lr D: lF | EDg KUI{q MI{q AVg HFpq XqV {; I L: mkKkq 2005 | oK]So XqVg NV]g } lF L kq Iq | s| HE { FF D;
9- K}]omk" mk 1999 |mk 2005 q{X D; X{ ': 'o mk 2002 oSk M}F oH | } qSkD qD 骧 {}; } Ir Ho- I: s ]D[: | MIE oNY ]DsD: ]DM}p o | M}F oSn oS?
mk K} oH [Vg lr sK M}F mkMFq mksI olAD} oG} ; o mk| Amk {kS KDpq mkXX mk KGpq|} KDpq L aLD} och[ ; E }o{ oKD] } M] F ; mkHT } o }c | ]F} X {T; IU 5 AVg l mk o cL l [Vg lr: IK KHK |]X n K}kX { M oKX X ; mkIU H Kq mk2003 .M mk o F ]T l L: IK U| ]M chlLF n K}kX } KU|; mks g}s qGs: mk a| e\{q {kS|}; mksI F | K|D M}pq cUk } F; o Hc } s kF {T; mk ] kl mk s| 3 ]T l [Vg lr: o[LL|} Ha L aLD KU|} {mke& | [Vg lr} L aLD} mk]MM MĆ| sk]X gq | {mki: mkA}kq Fo lEq L aLD | M}F MX [M g M;
mks M}Fs }MAY oKY }p }mkF: mkKKX: ]F} mk[ELg lmk MemklF KX | NV[ ]D{: }I| L mk XqV NV]g ]Xq }MqF }dD] D| kAFo mk { }M | mksHq L }ag egLq| Msq }} l; o ]F} Ak| F ]F} | MF }M}} }ekF} mk|; DL KVIo {I|: lI oKVIo }} eTlq }} D|; F: mks oKY s }MAY cM{X L: M}F} | II ]pq} }D _{q A[: }| odhN Mk sM oX M{} ; ]Ds: M}F mk qIo { } {pq: M cL MX [ sD {}; } mkY | EL KqF FF }oK L: Bk o FFq }p M{ FD} qMBXo SkD} mkF [EL} ]F}} lmk: LDq osEDϊ} oEDM}: EF ELpq mk}X Bk X mkF lmk |iSmk M sD; F HX: ModhgL qEDD {q K MF M} } mk}; MM]Vq | XqVg NV]g } M mk{q |s II MFE c] F; NV[ LDq | MX |{q M|} LDq ; Bk oED | Xr FFq: oED [Fpq cUnMD: H_ Xr H_ [F F}o | [Fpq { }o[M KX |{q BF D LDq ;
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10- H oVU XqVg: IU mksI MM]Vq: MIdhi: M}F: MiX ]Lq | odhN lq osk: mkMM]Vq } mksI I]} }; Ms }K[D qVXo: M } }MD Bk XqV mkH` }p F MKD]DM?
: cDF s{ F mk Bmk| mk oKY | M]VI} M}I}: H{q} M}Eq} lq F}qpq ok[: F | } } mk oF }} mkF ]q HY X} ekF} ; ]Ds M npq| <mkoK} o{[]: mkFB oBD> DM K]D; s LDq }: Bk XqV }H{q }MM]Vq } oUT LDq Ms{ mkTB } l; Bmk| D s M] H{q} M] HkX M]VI} ; o XW s oS sD H{q iF iF} mk mkF ; mkF EF: Ir XW mk KVXH MkX: mk | H{q EL} mk MM]Vq }} {};
mkF _{ : odhMo lq XqV: mk K}M }G FFq} M}Ĵ} MqBXVM} [YM: HkYM [XG MI\nM} MLYM}: k D & mk ID oKYprM MAT D D mk}p X} mkki qM{q k}: {o H{q }MFlq mksD iL g\} MsD } }} mkF|}; Fo s Xpqs mkD Hipq D; ]Ds: mk Dppq | HD oKYpq ok]: s } aF |mk mkF o] MchV MmkI }& L: ]XG S: mk ID oKYpq oLAT } mkmkF ki Dq VI MV e{ {};
XqVg NV]g } mkmkU mk[XJM Klq} mkM |pq} VI S sD; ]Ds: {o oK]Uo sD } mkk} mk{q} Kp} }MM D s F| ; } mk M]Sq Xlo gXI VI { sD;
11-| oH-[l} [F NV]} KVIo M] | q cL L{]oX KD] s|g mk XM [} IU MXnM: mk }mk } M]Sq D | L { ?
KVIo oH [Vg lr} KVIo XqVg NV]g [F} }cL L{]oX q KD] s|g mk [} IU MXnM D KFpq } MM]Vo | L {T }mkF Ir KF[ | L ; M}o L: H{q | lq: X[ D Gs }{gI s }G M{ Eq| }poD |I| K]XI ; K]XI | H{q | lq IX kF| }MY }o| mk 1999 .M {}J }oD| } eL 1999 .M } F ; mk Kkq 1999 D} o} a Dg mkAE {kV 10 lq sdhDD MI{q AVg HFpq XqV MM]Vo X ; mk 2002 .M mk MI{q mksK eFE: oH [Vg lr: lF{o M]F oT; Fq [D]o lq (mkIT oE lT: mkKHK ]L} kkX: mkmkVAM AY} KVI mk X cI lIU) ]Do}kX: 13 lq sdhFF EF {;
mkIXs }: }D lq X} } }MM]Vq: mk K} AM} mk Ą {kT [D]o lq mkH _{: mk K} DM lq L mkF _{ cD lg Flq M}lT X ; M q |s Xlq: o Eq| }F 4+1 mkmkF ]M oF Mqmk mkH _{: | 6 lq Xmk mk XoM L mkF _{ oA; rM 6 lq mkIX 2004 mk XoM mk kX Xmk: mk }lX mk a }lX MϸX: }D lq X} } }MM]Vq Xlq M] AM iF D mk mkF ]MM kJM; AM }: mk | Kp l mk oK\\D KMMp kG; ks K[Sq L mkKkq 2005 [Xo aao lq X{ XqVg NV]g } oK]Uo;
s ImkY {X }oAF H{q | lq eL D} FD D} mkDq} ėX} |o} lo}} mkτq | ]k} { K[Spq} Bmk} oS M{ ; {s D ėXpq ϊ: H{q | odhMo lq: mk Xmk | 2 lq M] cL L{]oX q MIT e{ {};
12-D [lq: | XqV odhMo HFpq }| Bk đq: }]MSq} F}o }MlX đq: | Kq [ LM { Ak }| q} | [}} Dopq đq [L mkD; s e{ MM ?
odhMo lq Bk }siSn Dmk }H{q LM { Ak}: }| [}} q} Dopq Dmk } [L} mkF L} e{ Ms{ FF D }cU 2 MF] }D mkU@ ; o mk1999 } IU oK]So MI{pq: mks τq} Xq} | Bmk} K[Spq mk} K S MD} {T; odhMo lq: L {s Xqs ochlkDM MkX: aa kF};
13-mkl | KVX lmk Ho- cpg MX {T scpg: D[lq M KUM lq? cpg }o{T: ]DM}p? scpg }o{T L: ]DM}p?
LE KUI{q mkMMFq o} ko olBE lq {] mk2 lEq E: o} }ao L mk1 lF E mk ]MM okG; ks K[Sq: {] mk Fo ko mk ]MM okHD | F| e lD KU; mk as KUI{qs }: 9 lEo L kq Iq mkchpg MX fK; mk L kq Iq K lppq }nM DM s{]: mkmkjrM} X MD sM (80%) }LLq } ϣ} mkD} mkD Fo Kc{pq M oKUM; rM 9 lppq mk oED lq M~M smkXC {X }oF: mk IF| |rM KSo: o mkipq mk D lq ]DsD: mkoD K}: [G o\q MX mkF lEg oS mk {] k M}lT ;
14-MEgq} K`}: s} }smk} F; }} K} MD?
mkl M} rq } } M} rq k K{q dhiK} ME e{ { X}} ; {s F HE{q Ak{ F } D}; mks HD }: } } { } odhgL mk: mk Bk: mk Slmko AVq: mk K}]pq DM} sK}]pg qEq} NVE} }gp} }MXmk dD] K[D} k} M{ X;
15-}p o k 骧 's } [Y {kY? ~q }cq mko phXoX } k {kV? M L: I| }D|: ]DM}p ' {o phXoX MXI KgF [?
o k: }dF]| k }eq {kS } [Y D mkC: o mk K} oED lq {kS MXIHi} M}Ĵ} ; {s [T: | II Xr MlX} M]L}: mk HlVg SmkHpq mkH M]VI MF} k q {T;
o [HHk g {kS }cq o mk}c 3} 4} D | _U} | mkAVq Ir} ; mk{: o }_U MFq: M] egM X} mko\q Bmk} [}} ]DolBD k KqG oXD kAE ; o }mkAVq MFq }c }: oK ]D{ M E }MqXK F ]DBmk} g {T; ]Ds oH [Vg lr mks }cs oin s]S; mkXr oH [Vg lr: K[F | mkAVq \ M}F mkF : mk qIo NV]g { {pq mkBk [} sD ; oH [Vg lr: lq: |o ]nM} ikDM s Fo MkX: | Bk Fo ]Ds{: }k~M ]} D {} mkF KX sD;
16- eX (KS }ocM) | L kq Iq} | LEg kq Iq} HE{pq MDF| ? K} |mk K} mklq IF? mk } g} M kq Ipq k?
eX XqVg NV]g } mkMFq mk[D]o Eq jK ; o DD ]F} LE KUI{q ; s Fs mk D} lq mkoD 27 lEq jK {: | } Kmk } D[pq} Ipq} I} F ; }MX Kp} chD|: }LE KUI{q M kq MU XEL | } }] }F |; LE KUI{q: mk 6 gXI H s mk; L L H Kq ; LE KUI{q | X[ n K}kX} H} D; s Fs L: [SpX LE KUI{q mkmkF ]M D; mk X[s: LE KUI{o mk ]T lpo iEE ojU oX KX; n K}kX LE KUI{q }]T} B} lpq | LE KUI{q } KXI}; }pq | l [X; mk n K}kX L kq Iq L: mklq ikF; mk X[s: B l LE KUI{q mkH-[^ M lEo& L mk\{ L kq Iq } g F ;
o F F: mk lEq LE KUI{q mkNV]g lmk MS 9 lEo L kq Iq ; LK: {o LE KUI{q H} KSg Kmk mk mkU MF ; }MX F M k{ | L{]oVq }fY }F; L kq Iq: mkn K}kX} MqF} H} M L 6 mko-Ipq} jK ; }\o} L: kq Iq s|: kq Iq Blg q: kq Iq Ą q: kq Iq ImkSo-[mkg q: kq Iq ùp} HkWp}: kq Iq cl} }smk} q }; mkIXs: K |X | } ; }X: mkFo | lq chM;
L kq Iq: mk {] [D]o gXI ]T l ; n K}kX L kq Iq }]T} B} lpq L kq Iq } KXI}; M }: }]XHq | oED kq Ipq gAB; {] kq Iq mklp |mk n K}kX L kq Iq oiXmk;
17-MX|: |s} MTq Eq K H Kq ; Mo kq Ipq: IU | } ML l: | eMpq [XD l }; }p' o mk eMpq o[U sD? \mk I }p mk mkU D 'D?
L kq Iq cM{pq AnM q ELpq }} q lpo} ME: qEg [VXH MFF: s|} DL]} Bl} } MIF: }{pq XqV} ]opq MeEI} MeEF} mkD M;
L kq Iq qEg ]XHo }MIF: }{] kq Iq MMIX chMD; }lmk [VXH i Ipq } [UD; M }: mk [}} q} Y} KU} mkFo lq jK |X | } oK]Uo D; s LMs | cD sD;
mk Blg K: n K}kX L kq Iq KXJ Fꋍ mk XoM: X: [E: Xq[}} KkVq ]opq q ; }q lpq LE KUI{q: ELpq }} }Bmk} }Vq} }ko } KD Ak;
mk DL]g K: mkn K}kX L kq Iq MVI Fꋍ: M] [k]F} | AVq MI{q [}: M] np} [k-]F} mk [} oVk: mkl ELpq} BFg {pq AX|} [I KmkXA Ak; M }: mkMqF n K}kX }} MVI Fꋍ |mk KU: mkHE kq Iq Ą q MVI Fꋍ mk Y q M; FoM mk rM M] [k-]F} |o} kI} AVq | Ą M|pq mko-Ipq oVnM }ELpq MI{q} BFg {pq AX} SM; mk X[s: mko kI AVq | Bk q lpq } M M;
mk s|g K: KFpg | } S { LT D; [D]o IpLq | KGq NV]g } mkc}c qX} Smk}# H L mkc}c }Ds Y osXG D; 50 KFpq [: | s| Vq ]F| mk K { S |; M }: lEq L kq Iq M] | [}} | F} | LE MmkVi spq dD-KHqq YM; | XqV} KXkmk }oX{q }: }pq } mk MeEI k đp Dg;
mk ImkSo[mkg K: L kq Iq }ADgq | XqV} ]opq mk [}} q} F}& òLrM }MeEF } KsVq |mk [k-]F} K}]o [}} q} |mk EDg La} ]opq IkVq AVq iUk; mko\: HE kq Iq ImkSo-[mkg q }LIkX ]opq XqV} mk [} }M} M] lEq KUI{q o LIkX cD Xlq mkX D;
18- }]: K}]omk Xmk HE{pq D; | oH-[l} | }} | S} | s|} HE ; K X {s Fo Ks od?
{ F HE kq Iq s| ..} HE kq Iq s|} lBF} oH [Vg lr ; mk ]XHo cM{q Bn sD }|g LLq ; 80% mk s }} oS 20% L }k D sD;
19- D {cho {]Lq |rM oKX | } HDo XM"''}^M rM Fc[lq M:oH^M: | H] mk ]Lq: H] | HE{q ]Lq GM sD; mk HD 20 Kq D {X sS mk K 20 Kq} D X} M'' mkD; {M {cho }p qmkDM? }" Hao lEq }M]V: mkIF K}[q: }p }pq D?
DM M I mk lq sD KVIo eL ]V Kq {kT M mkF sVXl Hc {}: D M||q sD ; mk oH [Vg lr }mk{q eL 20 Kq KVIo {kT mk 3 kG} M; }^M } mk L kq Iq s{] mk [V lr (H F) M sD; DD lq mk1988: D Fq } IU 2001 .M oK]So M; mks} lq so} } o kG mk KUI{q sD F Ha ; F eL 20 Kpq mk KUI{q {kT I } mk KUI{q sD lppq D: } M Gq M; mk{: DM eL 20 Kpq KVIo {YM MlF MkX: (generalisation) mk ci K|o ok[ sVXl K]D}};
{ mkXr: KUI{q | { } mk M} H]q} VSi D mkF M{q sD{; M}o: o M: o Ha s}~ oKYpq} F} D; mko\: mkK φ skD [mk: KmkIp s mk]Mq} mkpBg} [XI} ; o Ha K}[ }~ o M s}~ }ppq } D; | MMXLX} Ha {X | MϸX} Dpq} iMpq}: 闑 M ]D}} mkrM ko lEHq: } [XI} } ...so; ]D{: mkBE | M oKY |ch[K: |mk Xs |o KVXH K D ki; o KUI{q D s Ha M Ha D mk KVXH o } {q ; s }osT }: cF{q BF } F} ; Ha K}[ VI sq mkF S }oF } ; }mk{q M}e]dh] }NV]g D mkAF mk KVIo mkMDrM K}[q H]o M {YM ]DM}p soo? Fq lq } D mkM s{ KVIo MXG: ]DM}p mk D} lq k H_ s{?
]Ds: mks g}s M } Ha mks] dD] eTmk { MXk G[|} {olmk} l {X mkF M{q sD{; MD s }dhF[ s Ha K}[: N mk k LIkT }KXI | lEq ochlF{q }o Sk: mk KVXH sKD M}q D}; oKY ch[K: mkK } mksI sφ }KUI{q K H_ ; o kXr } KS M np D eTmk } l; o M: LU { [XI MF } mkD};
F i^ D {k KUI{q LDq n K}kX M} LDq Ms{ ; }p : mk | M\} np MBE} [mk ikD Xr MiVmk} LDq ; ]Ds lEq | lr: lEq | L kq Iq: Vq ...so& M }: mk oED [kzg LIkVq: | N LIkVq: }dhlg LIkVq: | s| qEq ...so mk | M\} np MBE } MMVI M{ D} K{D} D; D mk sogBn HE{q mke{ oH\]lmk mkmkiq} mkogͧ{q} }o [UG L q S F;
20-cM kF MkF{: {o Xmk HF{q M | oH-[l} | }} | S} | s|} HE: K XD] 80% mk s }} 20% mk s L }oH-[l KiF; XM; }s 骧 mkF } }X- r H~M mkSLXM: MqF n }kX | } L kq Iq M } MqF n }kX XqVg Blg M}i]dh]} | lr I{q (4+1) n }kX} ; s] smkTB lg eX ʹX} ?
\{ | LE KUI{q: lEq L kq Iq MD sM }LLq XqVg NV]g } skXo { DM mkF ; M]s o\[T K Ir: M lEq L kq Iq .. mk M }: KXG olADM mklpq oKX M; ]Ds K } M] olBD: 80% }.. 20% L }nM olAD; o 20% mk sM }nM olBD }: mkF} dh} | n K}kX L kq Iq } D olAD; ]Ds: o K{M { s}]: LE KUI{q ʷY K{M ;
s [VXHs smkTB{q DȬ mkD}? K} ko KMXG oLss: K} oLss}? mk KĄ \XI ] mkF lmk q D? LE KUI{q mk K F ]T l X} MN} ;
21- lq | oF lEq } | lq (}oE | KVIo) }mkiEF: }}: mkDp} mk}p} F F qM}? qmkF }o}" r mkVAM AT} [ \{: LDq }mko mkk mkMHX I }D: mkiF }} VI s{]: }{mk[} }k} mkDp F'D qmkF} ? qmkF }o} L: o AT} lD { L kq Iq ''} kD'' mkD HE{q DȬ? H mko dhF[ XqV sKS M}pq: chgchh MIX }ch}chpq| ch ]DmkDD {kS}?
ko ISg Ir MX: }I| }MHX M c}c s{]: {o o ]Xq q }c}cpq XqV mkc}c MHX }Mq ooF D[pq | oUX|; XqV I |p c}cpq qcM | AX ]D{q: MHX mk AX| mkFF }c}cpq| q mkF ]q }BF| mkX mkch M}q D};
mk X[s c}c | KS K\XG M{ F| }ikD ; }I|: | Slmkq| c}c }F: Slmkq| L |q| c}c F }o F|: Do}: cl}: LIkV}: lBE}: }} M|pq| mk MFF k oV BF M{ M]Hq l};
| c}c qcM ]~: o oKHEF qD KFo |mk K} mkF Ir ; oKHEF qD KFo |mk XqV} DK }o{; mkc}c XqV chXmk: |mk Bk q oKHEF qD KFo }o{ L mkc}cpq q oiXn o }kX; mkK}X s Ss: X }D: KD H mkVAM AY} }XqV MFq ]D{kS: mkc}cpq XqV D MKS;
MHX M c}c mkXqV} Smk mkD} } kAF F} ; mks g}s: mkM Ha | K}]o XqV: |mk q ~ ]T | MHX Kmk { S D; M }: KVIo lq: M] MHX Sk spq Vk D mkMHX M dD-KHqq mkT;
mk X[s: }D [lq M olmkM qMBXrM oKYM KF c}c DM; DD mk mkc}cpq XqV mk}Ds I chDDM: DD L mkMHX: DD mkXK} ...so F chDDM D;
mk }: Dpg \k|q BF }mkF Ir: BF BF} F H {X mkD}; ko mk ED D M}pq }: Dpg \k} BF mkD} mkF M{q D{;
22-D mk ]pq | } lEq s{ lq M]L: mk Blg lpq HD: } }XrprM e{ KF[ BkD D K]XI mkD} mkD; M L: | } MM]Vq {o ''AVg Xc'' ''AVg gE'' ''AVg l'' mkF MX: \mk oH-[l oS G {kX H\mk mk K F DM [; {s {cp mkK qMF^?
XqVg NV]g }: M] [kzg LIkVq: mkBlg lpq VI s{]: mkF llq } Vmk} ogAA [XI} MsD M}; }: M Dog mk: [kzg LIkVq L M LIkVg lq: mk XqV [EM} qI} NV]} }M]} mkD Kq | dF[ HkX| }[XI M}F | }M}; {s mkMFq }: |X XqVg NV]g } mk ssD np M] [kz} LIkVq HkYM} ogAAM} [XG KMXG ogAmkM ; M }: [kz} LIkVq: XrM mkKS K]~: LDq mk|X kDM M ] mkchp |mk KUI{q KHEF D M;
mkl Xi} AVg gE mkMFq L: } } k oH [Vg lr | M}D} dD]D} EL M{ S o; o Ir mk EL s{]: mk lmk ; K} Si sD& K} mk AVg gE \o sD mkF Ir MD] sD; }I| mk|: o mk Xc o} mk AVg gE \o} sD Bk XqV mkD ciL} Do} [kz} M{p} lo} mkF M{q D|; s: mk a XqV VI [E[F F; mk XqV Ą }mkY Xc } gE MD } {} VI s{]& mksI }MF^ s}F Irpq } FF F ; M mk{q: K} FM: K} }D M F M@Vq M F KVIo AL~q M F | H V mkAX ckE ... so KU mkD Irpq DD D M; {s } mkch KF[ BF| K]D}}; mk a XqV: D DD {pq ϷX F ;
Ir? Xr? masmerom@awate.com
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