Explore Eritrea: The Land, The People See The 1997 Population Database Here Once in, check the tabs at the bottom of the screen for more pages

Dictatorships fear information and they take great measures to hide it, censor it and disfigure it.  They control the media; they arrest or banish journalists; they spy on citizens; they expel foreigners; they bug telephone lines; they read citizens’ e-mails.  In short, they create and feed on a siege mentality—imposing declared or undeclared “national security,” “anti-sedition”, and “state of emergency” proclamations without deadlines and a review process.   Having completely monopolized information, they draw and redraw the same picture: an image of a nation that, notwithstanding the assault by domestic and foreign enemies, is continuously registering impressive developments.  Those who state that this claim is at great odds with reality are either under arrest or dead and therefore effectively muzzled.  If alive, they—from the dictatorship’s standpoint--merely serve to reinforce the dictatorship’s claim that it is, indeed, under assault by foreigners and their mercenaries.  Witness the recent character assassination of the journalist Solomon Abera (not the first, nor the last) whose expose of the bankruptcy of PFDJ was used by PFDJ as further evidence that there are enemies in the midst.   And the vicious cycle of darkness goes on.

Even by the standards of dictatorships, the PFDJ has a medieval outlook towards information.  It was, for example, the last nation in Africa to allow its citizens to use the Internet and the cell phone. (The cell phones are now being used by the conscript-age youth of Eritrea as a CB radio to alert one another which neighborhoods to avoid because the gffa MPs are there.  This has resulted in a government “counter espionage” of jamming the phones.) Eritrea is the only nation in the world that has no private press, period.  It jams opposition radio broadcasts.  It stations spies at Internet cafes who helpfully suggest which “Fifth Columnist” websites to avoid.           

From the mundane to the sublime, all its processes are cloaked in secrecy. To the extent that information is shared, it is only to advertise the alleged “success” of a government program built by the slave labor of the youth.   Its purpose is not to inform but to sell: sell buildings, sell bonds, sell tourism, sell an image.   Even the so-called “Discover Eritrea” farce that is serialized in government and pro-government websites is nothing but a travelogue that tells us little of Eritrea’s land and people and much about the government’s “achievements.”  When the PFDJ does allow ordinary citizens to help their compatriots “discover” Eritrea, it is in the production of coffee-table books:  Art Deco buildings of Eritrea and pre-historic artifacts of Metera and Adulis.

Eritrea’s One-Paragraph History

Due to the government’s obsession with control and information monopoly, Eritrea’s history has become a series of “Cliff Notes”—one paragraph summaries of important events.  Here are some examples:

• We are told that the Eritrean Referendum preparatory committee that was headed by Dr. Amare spent two years (91-93) to prepare the referendum.  Twelve years after the fact, this referendum process is still cited by the PFDJ as an example of its meticulousness and inclusiveness.  But, twelve years later, has any Eritrean seen the published report of this committee? 
   
• We are told that the Constitutional Commission of Eritrea spent three years (94-96) drafting the constitution, that it met with millions of Eritreans and that the constitution was ratified by a 527-member constituent assembly in May 1997.  Has any Eritrean read the published report of the CCE: the public comments, the drafting process, or even the discussions of the constituent assembly?   
   
• We are told that prior to the initiation of the Eritrea-Ethiopia conflict of 1998, the relationship had begun to deteriorate and that there were committees established on both sides to solve the problem.  We are told that there was disagreement on the use of the Port of Asab and committees were appointed to deal with it.   We are told that the conflict started when 4 EDF members (including an officer) who were en route to Badme to raise complaints of Eritrean citizens were shot dead by Ethiopians.  Is there any published report that tells us of the border committee that was set up? Is there a published document on the workings of the Port of Assab Committee? Is there a published document on the names of the 4 EDF members that were killed? In fact, was anything published except the letter-exchanges between Isaias Afwerki and Meles Zenawi?
   
• Similarly, we are told that Eritrea’s population is 3.5 million.   Is it? Is there any published report that tells us how this total was reached?  Does the average Eritrean citizen who is invited by the PFDJ to “discover Eritrea” know further detail on his compatriots—beyond the oft-repeated claim that there are 3.5 million of them and there are nine nationalities?    When nations have border wars and an arbitrator issues a ruling, it is customary for people to lose their identity and for lands to exchange nationality.  In the case of the EEBC, we have heard emotional arguments from Ethiopians on behalf of their compatriots who are being asked to be displaced and for the lands to be given to Eritrea. Regardless of one’s opinion regarding the “final and binding” verdict of the EEBC, why isn’t there a corresponding expression of sympathy from Eritreans on behalf of their compatriots who are losing their land and being displaced?  Why is the advocacy for land not matched in advocacy for people? 

The answer, we believe, is that Eritreans are not stakeholders in the affairs of their nation.  For most people, including those who pretend to know the “people’s agenda” and the “final and binding” nature of the verdict, Eritrea is just an abstract concept: a land.  They have been bamboozled by the PFDJ, whose low opinion of the people is expressed daily and whose head told Eritrean students in South Africa that he will just relocate Eritreans who have lost their land.   Many of our well-wishing compatriots do not know how many Eritreans there are, where they live, how they live, and what their priorities are.  

It is no wonder that those who are the closest to the people, those who know the land and the people intimately, those who know how many Eritreans will be displaced, how much land will be lost in the “final and binding” verdict are proposing solutions that take into account the needs of Eritrea the Land and Eritrea the Citizen.   This is what is meant by “Dialogue”: to consider the needs of the citizen and incorporate a solution within the confines of the delimitation decision.   This is the task of mature politics and we would be remiss not to mention the Eritrean People’s Movement (EPM) the first political party in Eritrea that first expressed this view, which has now been adapted, to a large extent, by the Eritrean Democratic Alliance (EDA), the opposition umbrella group.

You, our reader, may not reach the same conclusion we have.  But you are entitled to more information than you have been given and it is in this spirit that this population detail is being shared. The information was compiled in 1997 by Eritrea’s Ministry of Local government back when Mahmoud Sheriffo was laying the groundwork for what he and the G-15 believed would happen next: a ratified constitution and multi-party elections that would give Eritrea what its martyrs gave their lives for: a land and a people governed by people they chose.  This structure was the foundation for the Electoral Laws as well as Draft Laws on Parties and Political Organizations.

Now, this structure, which replaced the former provincial system, has been changed yet again: this time with “command zones” and “military desks” superimposed over the “Zoba” and the “sub-zobas.”  The draft electoral and party formation laws have been frozen and, with them, the elections that were supposed to return power to the people.

The information that we are publishing here contradicts virtually every census report that has been published by authoritative sources: GOs and NGOs.  We believe it will provide you with new insights on the percentage of Eritreans who have been enlisted; the scope of Eritrea’s militarization given its population size; the staggering percentage of Eritreans living in hand-outs; the percentage that have been displaced and the proportion of the Diaspora community.   This free flow of information will also provide vital data for academicians and activists who are invited to analyze the information and share with all Eritreans their findings.   This is a meaningful and factual way to “Discover Eritrea.”

Nomenclature & Identity

Because our purpose was to present you a faithful (but more readable) reproduction of the original report, occasionally we have retained the nomenclature used by the PFDJ.  This does not mean we agree with the decision to rename, for example, Denakalia  “Debubawi Keyih Bahri.”  Far from it, we believe this violates the traditions and identity of Eritreans.  This is offensive to all Eritreans—“Debub,” for example, is no longer an adjective but a proper noun.  To non-Tigrigna speakers, there is the added violation of not only changing their identity by re-naming their land of origin, but “Tigrinasizing” it as well.   If unity-in-diversity is more than a slogan, we need to be sensitive to these issues instead of dismissing all claims as “divisive” and “diversionary.”   Those who bemoan the loss of the traditional provincial system now have sufficient data to update their maps using the data provided here.

Dedication

We dedicate this report to two groups of people: (1) the G-15, particularly Mahmoud Sherifo, who, despite the overwhelming culture of secrecy and control of the PFDJ enabled us to get a glimpse into a portrait of Eritrea and (2) the thousands of Eritreans who reside in the border villages of Eritrea who are about to be displaced from their ancestral homes without a word of protest or sympathy from their compatriots.     

awateteam@awate.com

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